"...the Council has produced in the Church the greatest crisis in her history..."
In the Murky Waters of Vatican II, by Atila Sinke Guimaraes.
Reviewed by Frank M. Rega, SFO
The book that predicted today's Synodal Church.
[From the publisher: This book broke the myth of Vatican II! In 1997 when it was first published, no one dared to disagree publicly with the Council.]
This book's thesis is that Vatican II launched what was intended to be a "Copernican revolution" in the Church. Instead of the laity and the local churches revolving around the ‘sun’ of the Pope and hierarchy, the "People of God" would become the new center, with priests, bishops and pope serving and answerable to the People of God and the local churches. Instead of a Church that is the perfect society (societas perfecta), and without blemish, it would become a Church in evolution, and in need of constant reform because of her imperfections, presupposing a sinful Church that must apologize for her guilt. This decentralized Church becomes hesitant in her doctrine and in her discipline.
The primary way that Vatican II initiated this revolution was by means of ambiguity, compromise, and obscurity in the conciliar documents. This opened the door to a progressive, rather than conservative, interpretation and implementation of the documents. This conciliar ambiguity is the topic of "In the Murky Waters of Vatican II", the first in a collection of 11 volumes written in Portuguese by the Brazilian Catholic intellectual Atila Sinke Guimaraes. The title given to the entire series of books is "Eli, Eli, Lamma Sabacthani?" In the whole collection about 900 authors are cited.
The author attempts to determine the underlying thinking of the Council. He undertakes this task by studying the principal theologians responsible for the Council and for its application, in order to determine their methods and goals. He defines the so-called spirit of the Council as "tolerance towards the world and the false religions and opposition to Catholic militancy."
After a worthwhile and lengthy series of introductory papers, the book begins with an analysis of a particular example of ambiguity from the document Lumen Gentium: "This ...sole Church of Christ which in the creed we profess to be one, holy, catholic, and apostolic...subsists in the Catholic Church". Subsists - an ambiguous term par excellence. The Church of Christ subsists in the Catholic Church, rather than is the Catholic Church; or it subsists rather than exists exclusively in the Catholic Church. "As written it implicitly affirms that there are two distinct realities – the Church of Christ and the Catholic Church – and that the latter, which is more restricted, receives its life from the former, more universal and more noble." This idea of two different churches is opposed by the traditional Catholic teaching of the Magisterium, and by the "Catholic sense of the faithful, who have always nourished themselves, as children with their mother’s milk, with the idea that the Catholic Church is the sole Church of Christ."
In the third chapter, the author cites a series of texts by renowned theologians who acknowledge the ambiguity that exists in the conciliar documents. He quotes Fr. Rene Laurentin, a conciliar peritus (expert) regarding certain wordings in the documents: "...they could be looked at from both sides, just like those photographic tricks whereby you see two different people in the same picture, depending on the angle you look at it. For this reason, Vatican II already has given, and will continue to give rise to many controversies." Citing an observation by Fr. Brian Harrison, "...the conciliar Church issued an uncertain call about practical matters, achieving the result predicted by the Apostle Paul: ‘For if the trumpet give an uncertain sound, who shall prepare himself to the battle?’ (1 Cor. 14:8)"
The book clearly demonstrates that Vatican II was a convergence of two currents of thought in the church, the traditional vs. the progressive (liberal, neo-modernist). The well-organized progressives dominated and controlled the Council and the formulation of its documents, over the less-prepared traditionalists. Since the final versions of the Council’s documents had to be voted upon, the progressivists resorted to ambiguity as a strategy to facilitate the winning of conservative votes, and to "prevent the conservatives from waking up from their lethargy." But it also served to pave the way for a progressivist spin on interpreting the documents in the future, allowing the development of more radical positions.
The sixth chapter in the book details the clash between these two currents, and the battle over whether the Council was dogmatic or pastoral. He distinguishes seven chronological phases of this confrontation, from the preparatory period prior to the Council to the post-conciliar period. Although all phases are critical, his summary of the third phase conveys the types of interactions that prevailed:
Alleging pastoral attitudes, the progressivists introduce into the schemata ideas of adaptation to the world and different religions.
The conservatives protest against some of them.
Paul VI, directly or indirectly, uses his authority to silence the conservatives, and give the victory to progressivists.
Faced with contradictions with traditional doctrine, the conservatives accept them only by force of the pontifical authority and under the allegation that they are pastoral attitudes.
This tactic is used until the end of the Council.
